![]() Increased CSF glucose is a sign of high blood sugar.Decreased protein is a sign of rapid CSF production.Increased CSF protein may be due to blood in the CSF, diabetes, polyneuritis, tumor, injury, or any inflammatory or infectious condition.Decreased CSF pressure may be due to spinal block, dehydration, or CSF leakage.Increased CSF pressure may be due to increased intracranial pressure (pressure within the skull).This makes it harder to interpret the test results. There may be blood in the sample that came from the spinal tap itself. If it is brown, orange, or yellow, it may be a sign of increased CSF protein or previous bleeding (more than 3 days ago). If the CSF looks bloody or red, it may be a sign of bleeding or spinal cord obstruction. If the CSF looks cloudy, it could mean there is an infection or a buildup of white blood cells or protein. A hole is drilled in the skull, and a needle is inserted directly into one of the brain's ventricles.ĬSF may also be collected from a tube that is already placed in the fluid, such as a shunt or a ventricular drain. It is most often done in the operating room. Ventricular puncture may be recommended in people with possible brain herniation.It can be dangerous because it is so close to the brain stem. Cisternal puncture uses a needle placed below the occipital bone (back of the skull).Rarely, other methods of CSF collection may be used. Lumbar puncture with fluid collection may also be part of other procedures such as an x-ray or CT scan after dye has been inserted into the CSF. In some cases, special x-rays are used to help guide the needle into position. You may be asked to remain lying down for a short time after the test. The needle is removed, the area is cleaned, and a bandage is placed over the needle site.Once the needle is in position, the CSF pressure is measured and a sample of 1 to 10 milliliters (mL) of CSF is collected in 4 vials.An abnormal pressure can suggest an infection or other problem. An opening pressure is sometimes taken.After the back is cleaned, the health care provider will inject a local numbing medicine (anesthetic) into the lower spine.Sometimes the test is done sitting up, but bent forward. You will lie on your side with your knees pulled up toward the chest, and chin tucked downward.Lumbar puncture (spinal tap) is the most common method. There are different ways to get a sample of CSF.
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